Reptile and Amphibian Urinary Tract Medicine: Diagnosis and Therapy
نویسنده
چکیده
The urinary tract includes kidneys, ureters, cloaca, and bladder in reptiles and amphibians. Problem-oriented medicine includes identifying clinical problems, defining diagnoses for each problem, implementing a plan to address each diagnosis, and reformulating the plan as indicated in follow-up evaluations. This paper is intended to serve as an instructional aide for those who are preparing for certification in reptile and amphibian practice.
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